Publications

SuperCDMS Publications

2023

First measurement of the nuclear-recoil ionization yield in silicon at 100 eV

We measured the nuclear--recoil ionization yield in silicon with a cryogenic phonon-sensitive gram-scale detector. Neutrons from a mono-energetic beam scatter off of the silicon nuclei at angles corresponding to energy depositions from 4 keV down to 100 eV, the lowest energy probed so far. The results show no sign of an ionization production threshold above 100 eV. These results call for further investigation of the ionization yield theory and a comprehensive determination of the detector response function at energies below the keV scale.

Full pdf arXiv:2303.02196

 

A search for Low-mass Dark Matter via Bremsstrahlung Radiation and the Migdal Effect in SuperCDMS

We present a new analysis of previously published of SuperCDMS data using a profile likelihood framework to search for sub-GeV dark matter (DM) particles through two inelastic scattering channels: bremsstrahlung radiation and the Migdal effect. By considering these possible inelastic scattering channels, experimental sensitivity can be extended to DM masses that are undetectable through the DM-nucleon elastic scattering channel, given the energy threshold of current experiments. We exclude DM masses down to 220 MeV/c2 at 2.7×10−30 cm2 via the bremsstrahlung channel. The Migdal channel search provides overall considerably more stringent limits and excludes DM masses down to 30 MeV/c2 at 5×10−30 cm2.

Full pdf arXiv:2302.09115

2022

Submitted: Effective Field Theory Analysis of CDMSlite Run 2 Data (2022)

CDMSlite Run 2 was a search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with a cryogenic 600 g Ge detector operated in a high-voltage mode to optimize sensitivity to WIMPs of relatively low mass from 2 - 20 GeV/c2. In this article, we present an effective field theory (EFT) analysis of the CDMSlite Run 2 data using an extended energy range and a comprehensive treatment of the expected background. A binned likelihood Bayesian analysis was performed on the recoil energy data, taking into account the parameters of the EFT interactions and optimizing the data selection with respect to the dominant background components. Energy regions within 5σ of known activation peaks were removed from the analysis. The Bayesian evidences resulting from the different operator hypotheses show that the CDMSlite Run 2 data are consistent with the background-only models and do not allow for a signal interpretation assuming any additional EFT interaction. Consequently, upper limits on the WIMP mass and coupling-coefficient amplitudes and phases are presented for each EFT operator. These limits improve previous CDMSlite Run 2 bounds for WIMP masses above 5 GeV/c2.

Full pdf arXiv:2205.11683

 

Investigating the sources of low-energy events in a SuperCDMS-HVeV detector - Phys. Rev. D 105, 112006 (2022)

Recent experiments searching for sub-GeV/c2 dark matter have observed event excesses close to their respective energy thresholds. Although specific to the individual technologies, the measured excess event rates have been consistently reported at or below event energies of a few-hundred eV, or with charges of a few electron-hole pairs. In the present work, we operated a 1-gram silicon SuperCDMS-HVeV detector at three voltages across the crystal (0 V, 60 V and 100 V). The 0 V data show an excess of events in the tens of eV region. Despite this event excess, we demonstrate the ability to set a competitive exclusion limit on the spin-independent dark matter--nucleon elastic scattering cross section for dark matter masses of O(100) MeV/c2, enabled by operation of the detector at 0 V potential and achievement of a very low O(10) eV threshold for nuclear recoils. Comparing the data acquired at 0 V, 60 V and 100 V potentials across the crystal, we investigated possible sources of the unexpected events observed at low energy. The data indicate that the dominant contribution to the excess is consistent with a hypothesized luminescence from the printed circuit boards used in the detector holder.

Full pdf : Phys. Rev. D 105, 112006

 

Snowmass contribution : A Strategy for Low-Mass Dark Matter Searches with Cryogenic Detectors in the SuperCDMS SNOLAB Facility (2022)

The SuperCDMS Collaboration is currently building SuperCDMS SNOLAB, a dark matter search focused on nucleon-coupled dark matter in the 1-5 GeV mass range. Looking to the future, the Collaboration has developed a set of experience-based upgrade scenarios, as well as novel directions, to extend the search for dark matter using the SuperCDMS technology in the SNOLAB facility. The experienced-based scenarios are forecasted to probe many square decades of unexplored dark matter parameter space below 5 GeV, covering over 6 decades in mass: 1-100 eV for dark photons and axion-like particles, 1-100 MeV for dark-photon-coupled light dark matter, and 0.05-5 GeV for nucleon-coupled dark matter. They will reach the neutrino fog in the 0.5-5 GeV mass range and test a variety of benchmark models and sharp targets. The novel directions involve greater departures from current SuperCDMS technology but promise even greater reach in the long run, and their development must begin now for them to be available in a timely fashion. The experienced-based upgrade scenarios rely mainly on dramatic improvements in detector performance based on demonstrated scaling laws and reasonable extrapolations of current performance. Importantly, these improvements in detector performance obviate significant reductions in background levels beyond current expectations for the SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment. Given that the dominant limiting backgrounds for SuperCDMS SNOLAB are cosmogenically created radioisotopes in the detectors, likely amenable only to isotopic purification and an underground detector life-cycle from before crystal growth to detector testing, the potential cost and time savings are enormous and the necessary improvements much easier to prototype.

Full pdf arXiv:2203.08463

 

Ionization yield measurement in a germanium CDMSlite detector using photo-neutron sources (2022)

Two photo-neutron sources, 88Y9Be and 124Sb9Be, have been used to investigate the ionization yield of nuclear recoils in the CDMSlite germanium detectors by the SuperCDMS collaboration. This work evaluates the yield for nuclear recoil energies between 1,keV and 7,keV at a temperature of ∼50mK. We use a Geant4 simulation to model the neutron spectrum assuming a charge yield model that is a generalization of the standard Lindhard model and consists of two energy dependent parameters. We perform a likelihood analysis using the simulated neutron spectrum, modeled background, and experimental data to obtain the best fit values of the yield model. The ionization yield between recoil energies of 1,keV and 7,keV is shown to be significantly lower than predicted by the standard Lindhard model for germanium. There is a general lack of agreement among different experiments using a variety of techniques studying the low-energy range of the nuclear recoil yield, which is most critical for interpretation of direct dark matter searches. This suggests complexity in the physical process that many direct detection experiments use to model their primary signal detection mechanism and highlights the need for further studies to clarify underlying systematic effects that have not been well understood up to this point.

Full pdf can be obtained here

2021

 Light Dark Matter Search with a High-Resolution Athermal Phonon Detector Operated above Ground (2021)

We present limits on spin-independent dark matter-nucleon interactions using a 10.6 g Si athermal phonon detector with a baseline energy resolution of σE=3.86±0.04(stat)0.19−0.00(syst)  eV. This exclusion analysis sets the most stringent dark matter-nucleon scattering cross-section limits achieved by a cryogenic detector for dark matter particle masses from 93 to 140  MeV/c2, with a raw exposure of 9.9 g d acquired at an above-ground facility. This work illustrates the scientific potential of detectors with athermal phonon sensors with eV-scale energy resolution for future dark matter searches

Full pdf can be obtained here

 

 Constraints on Lightly Ionizing Particles from CDMSlite (2021)

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search low ionization threshold experiment (CDMSlite) achieved efficient detection of very small recoil energies in its germanium target, resulting in sensitivity to Lightly Ionizing Particles (LIPs) in a previously unexplored region of charge, mass, and velocity parameter space. We report first direct-detection limits on the vertical intensity of cosmogenically-produced LIPs with an electric charge smaller than e/(3×105), as well as the strongest limits for charge ≤e/160, with a minimum vertical intensity of 1.36×10−7cm−2s−1sr−1 at charge e/160. These results apply over a wide range of LIP masses (5 MeV/c2 to 100 TeV/c2) and cover a wide range of βγ values (0.1 -- 106), thus excluding non-relativistic LIPs with βγ as small as 0.1 for the first time.

Full pdf can be obtained here

2020

Constraints on low-mass, relic dark matter candidates from a surface-operated SuperCDMS single-charge sensitive detector (2020)

This article presents an analysis and the resulting limits on light dark matter inelastically scattering off of electrons, and on dark photon and axion-like particle absorption, using a second-generation SuperCDMS high-voltage eV-resolution detector. The 0.93~gram Si detector achieved a 3 eV phonon energy resolution; for a detector bias of 100 V, this corresponds to a charge resolution of 3% of a single electron-hole pair. The energy spectrum is reported from a blind analysis with 1.2~gram-days of exposure acquired in an above-ground laboratory. With charge carrier trapping and impact ionization effects incorporated into the dark matter signal models, the dark matter-electron cross section σ¯e is constrained for dark matter masses from 0.5--104MeV/c2; in the mass range from 1.2--50 eV/c2 the dark photon kinetic mixing parameter ε and the axioelectric coupling constant gae are constrained. The minimum 90% confidence-level upper limits within the above mentioned mass ranges are σ¯e=8.7×10−34 cm2, ε=3.3×10−14, and gae=1.0×10−9.

Full pdf can be obtained here

 

Constraints on dark photons and axionlike particles from the SuperCDMS Soudan experiment. Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020)

We present an analysis of electron recoils in cryogenic germanium detectors operated during the SuperCDMS Soudan experiment. The data are used to set new constraints on the axioelectric coupling of axionlike particles and the kinetic mixing parameter of dark photons, assuming the respective species constitutes all of the galactic dark matter. This study covers the mass range from 40 eV/c2 to 500 keV/c2 for both candidates, excluding previously untested parameter space for masses below ~ 1 keV/c2. For the kinetic mixing of dark photons, values below 10-15 are reached for particle masses around 100 eV/c2; for the axioelectric coupling of axionlike particles, values below 10-12 are reached for particles with masses in the range of a few-hundred eV/c2.

Full pdf can be obtained here

2019

Agnese, R. et al., Search for Low-Mass Dark Matter with CDMSlite Using a Profile Likelihood Fit. Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019)

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search low ionization threshold experiment (CDMSlite) searches for interactions between dark matter particles and germanium nuclei in cryogenic detectors. The experiment has achieved a low energy threshold with improved sensitivity to low-mass (<10 GeV/c2)dark matter particles. We present an analysis of the final CDMSlite data set, taken with a different detector than was used for the two previous CDMSlite data sets. This analysis includes a data "salting" method to protect against bias, improved noise discrimination, background modeling, and the use of profile likelihood methods to search for a dark matter signal in the presence of backgrounds. We achieve an energy threshold of 70 eV and significantly improve the sensitivity for dark matter particles with masses between 2.5 and 10 GeV/c2 compared to previous analyses. We set an upper limit on the dark matter-nucleon scattering cross section in germanium of 5.4×10-42 cm2 at 5 GeV/c2,  factor of ~2.5 improvement over the previous CDMSlite result.

Full pdf can be obtained here

 

Agnese, R. et al., Production Rate Measurement of Tritium and Other Cosmogenic Isotopes in Germanium with CDMSlite. Astropart. Phys., 104 (2019) 1-12

Future direct searches for low-mass dark matter particles with germanium detectors, such as SuperCDMS SNOLAB, are expected to be limited by backgrounds from radioactive isotopes activated by cosmogenic radiation inside the germanium. There are limited experimental data available to constrain production rates and a large spread of theoretical predictions. We examine the calculation of expected production rates, and analyze data from the second run of the CDMS low ionization threshold experiment (CDMSlite) to estimate the rates for several isotopes. We model the measured CDMSlite spectrum and fit for contributions from tritium and other isotopes. Using the knowledge of the detector history, these results are converted to cosmogenic production rates at sea level. The production rates in atoms/(kg · day) are 74  ±  9 for 3 H, 1.5  ±  0.7 for 55 Fe, 17  ±  5 for 65 Zn, and 30  ±  18 for 68 Ge

Full pdf can be obtained here

2018

Agnese, R. et al., First Dark Matter Constraints from a SuperCDMS Single-Charge Sensitive Detector. Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 051301

We present the first limits on inelastic electron-scattering dark matter and dark photon absorption using a prototype SuperCDMS detector having a charge resolution of 0.1 electron-hole pairs (CDMS HVeV, a 0.93 gram CDMS HV device). These electron-recoil limits significantly improve experimental constraints on dark matter particles with masses as low as 1 MeV/c2. We demonstrate a sensitivity to dark photons competitive with other leading approaches but using substantially less exposure (0.49 gram days). These results demonstrate the scientific potential of phonon-mediated semiconductor detectors that are sensitive to single electronic excitations.

Full pdf can be obtained here

Erratum:  here

 

Agnese, R. et al., Nuclear-Recoil Energy Scale in CDMS-II Silicon Dark-Matter Detectors. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 905 (2018)

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment aims to detect dark matter particles that elastically scatter from nuclei in semiconductor detectors. The resulting nuclear-recoil energy depositions are detected by ionization and phonon sensors. Neutrons produce a similar spectrum of low-energy nuclear recoils in such detectors, while most other backgrounds produce electron recoils. The absolute energy scale for nuclear recoils is necessary to interpret results correctly. The energy scale can be determined in CDMS II silicon detectors using neutrons incident from a broad-spectrum 252Cf source, taking advantage of a prominent resonance in the neutron elastic scattering cross section of silicon at a recoil (neutron) energy near 20 (182) keV. Results indicate that the phonon collection efficiency for nuclear recoils is 4.8+0.7-0.9% lower than for electron recoils of the same energy. Comparisons of the ionization signals for nuclear recoils to those measured previously by other groups at higher electric fields indicate that the ionization collection efficiency for CDMS II silicon detectors operated at ∼4 V/cm is consistent with 100% for nuclear recoils below 20 keV and gradually decreases for larger energies to ∼75% at 100 keV. The impact of these measurements on previously published CDMS II silicon results is small.

Full pdf can be obtained here

 

Agnese, R. et al., Low-Mass Dark Matter Search with CDMSlite. Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018)

The SuperCDMS experiment is designed to directly detect WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) that may constitute the dark matter in our galaxy. During its operation at the Soudan Underground Laboratory, germanium detectors were run in the CDMSlite (Cryogenic Dark Matter Search low ionization threshold experiment) mode to gather data sets with sensitivity specifically for WIMPs with masses <10 GeV/c2. In this mode, a large detector-bias voltage is applied to amplify the phonon signals produced by drifting charges. This paper presents studies of the experimental noise and its effect on the achievable energy threshold, which is demonstrated to be as low as 56 eVee (electron equivalent energy). The detector biasing configuration is described in detail, with analysis corrections for voltage variations to the level of a few percent. Detailed studies of the electric-field geometry, and the resulting successful development of a fiducial parameter, eliminate poorly measured events, yielding an energy resolution ranging from ∼9 eVee at 0 keV to 101 eVee at ∼10 keVee. New results are derived for astrophysical uncertainties relevant to the WIMP-search limits, specifically examining how they are affected by variations in the most probable WIMP velocity and the galactic escape velocity. These variations become more important for WIMP masses below 10 GeV/c2. Finally, new limits on spin-dependent low-mass WIMP-nucleon interactions are derived, with new parameter space excluded for WIMP masses 3 GeV/c2.

Full pdf can be obtained here

2017

Agnese, R. et al., Projected Sensitivity of the SuperCDMS SNOLAB Experiment. Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017)

SuperCDMS SNOLAB will be a next-generation experiment aimed at directly detecting low-mass (< 10 GeV/c2) particles that may constitute dark matter by using cryogenic detectors of two types (HV and iZIP) and two target materials (germanium and silicon). The experiment is being designed with an initial sensitivity to nuclear recoil cross sections ~ 1 x 10-43 cm2 for a dark matter particle mass of 1 GeV/c2, and with capacity to continue exploration to both smaller masses and better sensitivities. The phonon sensitivity of the HV detectors will be sufficient to detect nuclear recoils from sub-GeV dark matter. A detailed calibration of the detector response to low energy recoils will be needed to optimize running conditions of the HV detectors and to interpret their data for dark matter searches. Low-activity shielding, and the depth of SNOLAB, will reduce most backgrounds, but cosmogenically produced 3H and naturally occurring 32Si will be present in the detectors at some level. Even if these backgrounds are x10 higher than expected, the science reach of the HV detectors would be over three orders of magnitude beyond current results for a dark matter mass of 1 GeV/c2. The iZIP detectors are relatively insensitive to variations in detector response and backgrounds, and will provide better sensitivity for dark matter particle masses (> 5 GeV/c2). The mix of detector types (HV and iZIP), and targets (germanium and silicon), planned for the experiment, as well as flexibility in how the detectors are operated, will allow us to maximize the low-mass reach, and understand the backgrounds that the experiment will encounter. Upgrades to the experiment, perhaps with a variety of ultra-low-background cryogenic detectors, will extend dark matter sensitivity down to the "neutrino floor", where coherent scatters of solar neutrinos become a limiting background.

Full pdf can be obtained here

 

Agnese, R. et al., Energy Loss Due to Defect Formation from 206Pb Recoils in SuperCDMS Germanium Detectors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 113 (2018)

The Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment (SuperCDMS) at the Soudan Underground Laboratory studied energy loss associated with Frenkel defect formation in germanium crystals at mK temperatures using in situ 206Pb sources. We examine the spectrum of Pb nuclear recoils near its expected 103 keV endpoint energy and determine an energy loss of ( %, which we attribute to defect formation. From this result and using TRIM simulations, we extract the first experimentally determined average displacement threshold energy of 19.7+0.6-0.5 for germanium. This has implications for the analysis thresholds of future germanium-based dark matter searches.

Full pdf can be obtained here

 

Agnese, R. et al., Results from the Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Experiment at Soudan. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 (2018)

We report the result of a blinded search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using the majority of the SuperCDMS Soudan data set. With an exposure of 1690 kg d, a single candidate event is observed, consistent with expected backgrounds. This analysis (combined with previous Ge results) sets an upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP–nucleon cross section of 1.4×10-44 (1.0×10-44)  cm2 at 46  GeV/c2. These results set the strongest limits for WIMP–germanium-nucleus interactions for masses >12  GeV/c2. 

Full pdf can be obtained here

2016

Agnese, R. et al., WIMP-Search Results from the Second CDMSlite Run. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (2016)

The CDMS low ionization threshold experiment (CDMSlite) uses cryogenic germanium detectors operated at a relatively high bias voltage to amplify the phonon signal in the search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). Results are presented from the second CDMSlite run with an exposure of 70 kg days, which reached an energy threshold for electron recoils as low as 56 eV. A fiducialization cut reduces backgrounds below those previously reported by CDMSlite. New parameter space for the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section is excluded for WIMP masses between 1.6 and 5.5 GeV/c2.

Full pdf can be obtained here

 

Agnese, R. et al., New Results from the Search for Low-Mass Weakly Interacting Massive Particles with the CDMS Low Ionization Threshold Experiment. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (2016)

The CDMS low ionization threshold experiment (CDMSlite) uses cryogenic germanium detectors operated at a relatively high bias voltage to amplify the phonon signal in the search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). Results are presented from the second CDMSlite run with an exposure of 70 kg day, which reached an energy threshold for electron recoils as low as 56 eV. A fiducialization cut reduces backgrounds below those previously reported by CDMSlite. New parameter space for the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section is excluded for WIMP masses between 1.6 and 5.5  GeV/c2.

Full pdf can be obtained here

2015

K. Schneck et al., Dark matter effective field theory scattering in direct detection experiments. Phys. Rev. D 91 (2015)

We examine the consequences of the effective field theory (EFT) of dark matter-nucleon scattering for current and proposed direct detection experiments. Exclusion limits on EFT coupling constants computed using the optimum interval method are presented for SuperCDMS Soudan, CDMS II, and LUX, and the necessity of combining results from multiple experiments in order to determine dark matter parameters is discussed. We demonstrate that spectral differences between the standard dark matter model and a general EFT interaction can produce a bias when calculating exclusion limits and when developing signal models for likelihood and machine learning techniques. We also discuss the implications of the EFT for the next-generation (G2) direct detection experiments and point out regions of complementarity in the EFT parameter space.

Full pdf can be obtained here

 

Agnese, R. et al., Improved WIMP-search reach of the CDMS II germanium data. Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015)

CDMS II data from the 5-tower runs at the Soudan Underground Laboratory were reprocessed with an improved charge-pulse fitting algorithm. Two new analysis techniques to reject surface-event backgrounds were applied to the 612 kg days germanium-detector WIMP-search exposure. An extended analysis was also completed by decreasing the 10keV analysis threshold to ~5keV, to increase sensitivity near a WIMP mass of 8GeV/c2. After unblinding, there were zero candidate events above a deposited energy of 10 keV and 6 events in the lower-threshold analysis. This yielded minimum WIMP-nucleon spin-independent scattering cross-section limits of 1.8×10-44cm2 and 1.18×10-41cm2 at 90% confidence for 60 and 8.6 GeV/c2WIMPs, respectively. This improves the previous CDMS II result by a factor of 2.4 (2.7) for 60 (8.6) GeV/c2 WIMPs.

Full pdf can be obtained here

 

Agnese, R. et al., Maximum likelihood analysis of low energy CDMS II germanium data. Phys. Rev. D 91 (2015)

We report on the results of a search for a Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) signal in low-energy data of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment using a maximum likelihood analysis. A background model is constructed using GEANT4 to simulate the surface-event background from 210Pb decay-chain events, while using independent calibration data to model the gamma background. Fitting this background model to the data results in no statistically significant WIMP component. In addition, we perform fits using an analytic ad hoc background model proposed by Collar and Fields, who claimed to find a large excess of signal-like events in our data. We confirm the strong preference for a signal hypothesis in their analysis under these assumptions, but excesses are observed in both single- and multiple-scatter events, which implies the signal is not caused by WIMPs, but rather reflects the inadequacy of their background model. 

Full pdf can be obtained here

2014

Agnese, R. et al., First direct limits on Lightly Ionizing Particles with electric charge less than e/6 . Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 (2015)

While the Standard Model of particle physics does not include free particles with fractional charge, experimental searches have not ruled out their existence. We report results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment that give the first direct-detection limits for cosmogenically-produced relativistic particles with electric charge lower than e/6. A search for tracks in the six stacked detectors of each of two of the CDMS II towers found no candidates, thereby excluding new parameter space for particles with electric charges between e/6 and e/200.

Full pdf can be obtained here

 

Agnese, R. et al., Search for Low-Mass WIMPs with SuperCDMS. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014)

We report a first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using the background rejection capabilities of SuperCDMS. An exposure of 577 kg-days was analyzed for WIMPs with mass < 30 GeV/c2, with the signal region blinded. Eleven events were observed after unblinding. We set an upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of 1.2×10-42cm2 at 8 GeV/c2. This result is in tension with WIMP interpretations of recent experiments and probes new parameter space for WIMP-nucleon scattering for WIMP masses < 6 GeV/c2. 

Full pdf can be obtained here

2013

Agnese, R. et al., A Search for Low-Mass WIMPs using Voltage-Assisted Calorimetric Ionization Detection in the SuperCDMS Experiment. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014)

SuperCDMS is an experiment designed to directly detect Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), a favored candidate for dark matter ubiquitous in the Universe. In this paper, we present WIMP-search results using a calorimetric technique we call CDMSlite, which relies on voltage-assisted Luke-Neganov amplification of the ionization energy deposited by particle interactions. The data were collected with a single 0.6 kg germanium detector running for 10 live days at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. A low energy threshold of 170 eVee (electron equivalent) was obtained, which allows us to constrain new WIMP-nucleon spin-independent parameter space for WIMP masses below 6 GeV/c2.

Full pdf can be obtained here

 

Agnese, R. et al., Demonstration of Surface Electron Rejection with Interleaved Germanium Detectors for Dark Matter Searches. Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 164105 (2013)

The SuperCDMS experiment in the Soudan Underground Laboratory searches for dark matter with a 9-kg array of cryogenic germanium detectors. Symmetric sensors on opposite sides measure both charge and phonons from each particle interaction, providing excellent discrimination between electron and nuclear recoils, and between surface and interior events. Surface event rejection capabilities were tested with two 210Pb sources producing ~130 beta decays/hr. In ~800 live hours, no events leaked into the 8-115 keV signal region, giving upper limit leakage fraction 1.7×10-5 at 90% C.L., corresponding to <0.6 surface event background in the future 200-kg SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment. 

Full pdf can be obtained here

 

Agnese, R. et al., Dark Matter Search Results Using the Silicon Detectors of CDMS II. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 251301 (2013)

We report results of a search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) with the silicon (Si) detectors of the CDMS II experiment. A blind analysis of data from eight Si detectors, with a total raw exposure of 140.2 kg-days, revealed three WIMP-candidate events with a final surface-event background estimate of 0.41 (-0.08 +0.20)(stat.) (-0.24 +0.28) (syst.). Other known backgrounds from neutrons and 206Pb are limited to < 0.13 and < 0.08 events at the 90% confidence level, respectively. These data place a 90% upper confidence limit on the WIMP-nucleon cross section of 2.4E-41 cm2 at a WIMP mass of 10 GeV/c2. Simulations indicate a 5.4% probability that a statistical fluctuation of the known backgrounds would produce three or more events in the signal region. A profile likelihood ratio test that includes the measured recoil energies of the three events gives a 0.19% probability for the known-background-only hypothesis when tested against the alternative WIMP+background hypothesis. The highest likelihood was found for a WIMP mass of 8.6 GeV/c2 and WIMP-nucleon cross section of 1.9E-41 cm2. 

Click here to continue reading at Physical Review Letters

 

Agnese, R. et al., Silicon Detector Results from the First Five-Tower Run of CDMS II. Phys. Rev. D 88, 031104(R) (2013)

We report results of a search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) with the Si detectors of the CDMS II experiment. This report describes a blind analysis of the first data taken with CDMS II's full complement of detectors in 2006-2007. Results from this exposure using the Ge detectors have already been presented. We observed no candidate WIMP-scattering events in an exposure of 55.9 kg-days before analysis cuts. These data set an upper limit of 1.7×10-41 cm2 on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of a 10 GeV/c2 WIMP; this limit improves to 8.3×10-42 cm2 in combination with previous Si data from this installation. These data exclude parameter space for spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering that is relevant to recent searches for low-mass WIMPs. 

Click here to continue reading at Physical Review D

2012

CDMS Collaboration, Search for annual modulation in low-energy CDMS-II data. arXiv astro-ph.CO, arXiv:1203.1309 (2012)

We report limits on annual modulation of the low-energy event rate from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. Such a modulation could be produced by interactions from Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) with masses ~10 GeV/c2. We find no evidence for annual modulation in the event rate of veto-anticoincident single-detector interactions consistent with nuclear recoils, and constrain the magnitude of any modulation to <0.06 event [keVnr kg day]-1 in the 5-11.9 keVnr energy range at the 99% confidence level. These results disfavor an explanation for the reported modulation in the 1.2-3.2 keVee energy range in CoGeNT in terms of nuclear recoils resulting from elastic scattering of WIMPs at >98% confidence. For events consistent with electron recoils, no significant modulation is observed for either single- or multiple-detector interactions in the 3.0-7.4 keVee range.

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2011

Ahmed, Z. et al. Combined limits on WIMPs from the CDMS and EDELWEISS experiments. Phys. Rev. D 84 (2011)

The CDMS and EDELWEISS collaborations have combined the results of their direct searches for dark matter using cryogenic germanium detectors. The total data set represents 614 kg·days equivalent exposure. A straightforward method of combination was chosen for its simplicity before data were exchanged between experiments. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on spin-independent weakly interacting, massive particle (WIMP)-nucleon cross section. For a WIMP mass of 90 GeV/c2, where this analysis is most sensitive, a cross section of 3.3× 10-44 cm2 is excluded at 90%C.L. At higher WIMP masses, the combination improves the individual limits, by a factor 1.6 above 700 GeV/c2. Alternative methods of combining the data provide stronger constraints for some ranges of WIMP masses and weaker constraints for others.

Click here to continue reading at Physical Review D

 

Ahmed, Z. et al., Search for inelastic dark matter with the CDMS II experiment. Phys. Rev. D 83, 112002 (2011)

Results are presented from a reanalysis of the entire five-tower data set acquired with the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory, with an exposure of 969 kg-days. The analysis window was extended to a recoil energy of 150 keV, and an improved surface-event background-rejection cut was defined to increase the sensitivity of the experiment to the inelastic dark matter (iDM) model. Three dark matter candidates were found between 25 keV and 150 keV. The probability to observe three or more background events in this energy range is 11%. Because of the occurrence of these events, the constraints on the iDM parameter space are slightly less stringent than those from our previous analysis, which used an energy window of 10-100 keV.

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Bauer, D. A. et al., The CDMS II Data Acquisition System. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A 638, 127--133 (2011)

The Data Acquisition System for the CDMS II dark matter experiment was designed and built when the experiment moved to its new underground installation at the Soudan Lab. The combination of remote operation and increased data load necessitated a completely new design. Elements of the original LabView system remained as stand-alone diagnostic programs, but the main data processing moved to a VME-based system with custom electronics for signal conditioning, trigger formation and buffering. The data rate was increased 100-fold and the automated cryogenic system was linked to the data acquisition. A modular server framework with associated user interfaces was implemented in Java to allow control and monitoring of the entire experiment remotely.

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Z. Ahmed et al., Results from a Low-Energy Analysis of the CDMS II Germanium Data, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 131302 (2011)

We report results from a reanalysis of data from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. Data taken between October 2006 and September 2008 using eight germanium detectors are reanalyzed with a lowered, 2 keV recoil-energy threshold, to give increased sensitivity to interactions from weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with masses below -10 GeV/c2. This analysis provides stronger constraints than previous CDMS II results for WIMP masses below 9 GeV/c2 and excludes parameter space associated with possible low-mass WIMP signals from the DAMA/LIBRA and CoGeNT experiments.

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2010

D.S. Akerib et al., Low-threshold analysis of CDMS shallow-site data, Phys. Rev. D 82, 122004 (2010)

Data taken during the final shallow-site run of the first tower of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) detectors have been reanalyzed with improved sensitivity to small energy depositions. Four -224 g germanium and two -105 g silicon detectors were operated at the Stanford Underground Facility (SUF) between December 2001 and June 2002, yielding 118 live days of raw exposure. Three of the germanium and both silicon detectors were analyzed with a new low-threshold technique, making it possible to lower the germanium and silicon analysis thresholds down to the actual trigger thresholds of -1 and -2 keV, respectively. Limits on the spin-independent cross section for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) to elastically scatter from nuclei based on these data exclude interesting parameter space for WIMPs with masses below 9 GeV/c2. Under standard halo assumptions, these data partially exclude parameter space favored by interpretations of the DAMA/LIBRA and CoGeNT experiments' data as WIMP signals, and exclude new parameter space for WIMP masses between 3 and 4 GeV/c2.

Click here to continue reading at Physical Review D

 

G. Wang, Phonon emission in germanium and silicon by electrons and holes in applied electric field at low temperature, JAP107,4505

The cryogenic dark matter search employs Ge and Si detectors to search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter via its elastic-scattering interactions with nuclei while discriminating against interactions of background particles. These detectors distinguish nuclear recoils from electron recoils by simultaneously measuring phonon and ionization production in semiconducting substrates at sub-kelvin temperatures. They also reconstruct event position by quadrant-segmented measurement of the phonon signal. The ionization drift field does work on the electrons and holes. The charge carriers radiate this energy as acoustic phonons. At the typical applied field of 300 V/m in Ge (400 V/m in Si), we self-consistently model the behavior of the electrons and holes using independent drifted Maxwellian distributions, each characterized by an average drift velocity and an effective temperature, and including acoustic phonon emission. We calculate the phonon power angular and frequency distributions. We find that the bias polarity affects these distributions and, therefore, the phonon collection efficiency in Ge.

Click here to continue reading at JAP

 

S. Golwala

Review of cryogenic detectors for Particle Data Book, PDG, Review of Particle Physics

 

Z. Ahmed et al., Dark matter search results from the CDMS II Experiment, Science 327, p. 1619-1621

Astrophysical observations indicate that dark matter constitutes most of the mass in our universe, but its nature remains unknown. Over the past decade, the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment has provided world-leading sensitivity for the direct detection of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter. The final exposure of our low-temperature germanium particle detectors at the Soudan Underground Laboratory yielded two candidate events, with an expected background of 0.9 ± 0.2 events. This is not statistically significant evidence for a WIMP signal. The combined CDMS II data place the strongest constraints on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent scattering cross section for a wide range of WIMP masses and exclude new parameter space in inelastic dark matter models.

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Z. Ahmed et al., Analysis of the low-energy electron-recoil spectrum of the CDMS Experiment, Phys. Rev. D 81, 042002 (2010)

We report on the analysis of the low-energy electron-recoil spectrum from the CDMS II experiment using data with an exposure of 443.2 kg-days. The analysis provides details on the observed counting rate and possible background sources in the energy range of 2-8.5 keV. We find no significant excess of a peaked contribution to the total counting rate above the background model, and compare this observation to the recent DAMA results. In the framework of a conversion of a dark matter particle into electromagnetic energy, our 90% confidence level upper limit of 0.246 events/kg/day at 3.15 keV is lower than the total rate above background observed by DAMA. In absence of any specific particle physics model to provide the scaling in cross section between NaI and Ge, we assume a Z2 scaling. With this assumption the observed rate in DAMA remains higher than the upper limit in CDMS. Under the conservative assumption that the modulation amplitude is 6% of the total rate we obtain upper limits on the modulation amplitude a factor of -2 lower than observed by DAMA, constraining some possible interpretations of this modulation.

Click here to continue reading at Physical Review D

2009

Z. Ahmed et al., Search for Axions with the CDMS Experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 141802 (2009)

We report on the first axion search results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. An energy threshold of 2 keV for electron-recoil events allows a search for possible solar axion conversion into photons or local galactic axion conversion into electrons in the germanium crystal detectors. The solar axion search sets an upper limit on the Primakov coupling gaγγ of 2.4× 10-9 GeV-1 at the 95% confidence level for an axion mass less than 0.1 keV/c2. This limit benefits from the first precise measurement of the absolute crystal plane orientations in this type of experiment. The galactic axion search analysis sets a world-leading experimental upper limit on the axioelectric coupling gae eof 1.4× 10-12 at the 90% confidence level for an axion mass of 2.5 keV/c2.

Click here to continue reading at Physical Review Letters

 

Z. Ahmed et al., Search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles with the First Five-Tower Data from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search at the Soudan Underground Laboratory, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 011301 (2009)

We report results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search at the Soudan Underground Laboratory (CDMS II) featuring the full complement of 30 detectors. A blind analysis of data taken between October 2006 and July 2007 sets an upper limit on the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) nucleon spin-independent cross section of 6.6× 10-44 cm2 (4.6× 10-44 cm2 when combined with previous CDMS II data) at the 90% confidence level for a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c2. This achieves the best sensitivity for dark matter WIMPs with masses above 44 GeV/c2, and significantly restricts the parameter space for some favored supersymmetric models.

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2008

D.S. Akerib et al., Design and performance of a modular low-radioactivity readout system for cryogenic detectors in the CDMS experiment, Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 591 (2008), 476-489. (pdf)

 

Z. Ahmed et al., Status of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Experiment, LTD-12, 12th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Paris, France 22-27 July 2007; J Low Temp Phys (2008) 151: 800-805. (pdf)

 

D.S. Akerib et al., Present Status of the SuperCDMS program, LTD-12, 12th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Paris, France 22-27 July 2007; J Low Temp Phys (2008) 151: 818-823. (pdf)

 

C.N. Bailey et al., Detector Development for the Next Phases of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search: Results from 1 inch Ge and Si Detectors, LTD-12, 12th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Paris, France 22-27 July 2007; J Low Temp Phys (2008) 151: 211-215. (pdf)

 

K.M. Sundqvist & B. Sadoulet, Detectors of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search: Charge Transport and Phonon Emission in Ge <100> Crystals at 40mK, LTD-12, 12th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Paris, France 22-27 July 2007; J Low Temp Phys (2008) 151: 443-447. (pdf)

2006

D.S. Akerib et al., Limits on WIMP-nucleon interactions from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search at the Soudan Underground Laboratory, LTD-11, 11th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, 2005; NIM A 559 (2006) 390-392. (pdf)

 

D.S. Akerib et al., Characterization, performance, and future advanced analysis of detectors in the cryogenic dark matter search (CDMSII), LTD-11, 11th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, 2005; NIM A 559 (2006) 387-389. (pdf)

 

D.S. Akerib et al., The SuperCDMS proposal for dark matter detection, LTD-11, 11th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, 2005; NIM A 559 (2006) 411-413. (pdf)

 

P.L. Brink et al., First test runs from a dark-matter detector with interleaved ionization electrodes and phonon sensors for surface-event rejection, LTD-11, 11th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, 2005; NIM A 559 (2006) 414-416. (pdf)

 

M. Daal et al., Ionization collection in regions of distorted electric field in the CDMS ZIP detector, LTD-11, 11th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, 2005; NIM A 559 (2006) 408-410. (pdf)

 

N. Mirabolfathi et al., Detector commissioning for the CDMS-II final run at the Soudan Underground Laboratory, LTD-11, 11th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, 2005; NIM A 559 (2006) 417-419. (pdf)

 

M. Pyle et al., Quasiparticle propagation in aluminum fins and tungsten TES dynamics in the CDMS ZIP detector, LTD-11, 11th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, 2005; NIM A 559 (2006) 405_407. (pdf)

 

D.S. Akerib et al., Limits on spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon interactions from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search, Phys. Rev. D 73, 011102 (2006), astro-ph/0509269

 

D.S. Akerib et al., Limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interactions from the two-tower run of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 011302 (2006), astro-ph/0509259

2005

D.S. Akerib et al., Exclusion Limits on the WIMP-Nucleon Cross-Section from the First Run of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search in the Soudan Underground Lab, Phys. Rev. D72, 052009 (2005), astro-ph/0507190

2004

D.S. Akerib et al., First Results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search in the Soudan Underground Lab, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 211301 (2004), astro-ph/0405033

 

P.L. Brink et al., Further results from the CDMS experiment, LTD-10, 10th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Genoa, Italy 7-11 July 2003; NIM A 520 (2004) 105-107. (pdf)

 

C.L. Chang et al., Installation and commissioning of the CDMSII experiment at Soudan, LTD-10, 10th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Genoa, Italy 7-11 July 2003; NIM A 520 (2004) 116-119. (pdf)

 

V. Mandic et al., Study of the dead layer in germanium for the CDMS detectors, LTD-10, 10th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Genoa, Italy 7-11 July 2003; NIM A 520 (2004) 171-174. (pdf)

2003

D.S. Akerib et al., New Results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Experiment, Phys. Rev. D68, 082002 (2003)

 

R.W. Schnee et al., Results from the 1998-1999 runs of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search, Nuclear Physics B (Proc. Suppl.) 124, 185 (2003). (pdf)

 

P.L. Brink et al., Present status of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment, LT23 The 23rd International Conference on Low Temperature Physics, August 20-27, 2002, Hiroshima, Japan; Physica B 329-333 (2003) 1590-1591. (pdf)

 

T.A. Perera et al., Present Results and Future Goals of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search, AIP Conf. Proc. 605, 485 (2002)

 

T. Saab et al., Performance and Background Measurements of the CDMS II Tower I Detectors at the Stanford Underground Facility, Proc. of the 4th Int. Workshop on the Identification of Dark Matter, York, England (eds. N.J.C. Spooner, V. Kudryavtsev, World Scientific 2003), p452. (pdf)

 

P.L. Brink et al.,WIMP Exclusion Results from the CDMS Experiment, Proc. of the 4th Int. Workshop on the Identification of Dark Matter, York, England (eds. N.J.C. Spooner, V. Kudryavtsev, World Scientific 2003), p296. (pdf)

 

D.S. Akerib et al. (CDMS Collaboration), New Results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Experiment (pdf)

2002

D. Abrams et al. (CDMS Collaboration), Exclusion limits on the WIMP-nucleon cross section from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search, Phys. Rev. D66, 122003 (2002).

 

S. Yellin, Finding an upper limit in the presence of an unknown background, Phys. Rev. D66, 032005 (2002).

 

T. Shutt, M. Kesden, S. Golwala, J. Emes, J. Hellmig, B. Sadoulet, B.A. Young, and the CDMS detector group, Charge Collection and Electrode Structures in Ionization and Phonon Based Dark Matter Detectors. Low Temperature Detectors, Eds. F.S. Porter et. al. AIP Conference Proceedings, July 22-27, 2002 (pdf)

 

B.A. Young, T. Saab, B. Cabrera, A.J. Miller, P.L. Brink, J.P. Castle, The Effect of Implanted Metal Impurities on Superconducting Tungsten Films, to appear in Journal of Applied Physics, May 15, 2002 issue. (pdf)

 

V. Mandic, Position Dependence in the CDMS II Zip Detectors. Low Temperature Detectors, Eds. F.S. Porter, D. McCammon, M. Galeazzi, and C.K. Stahle, AIP Conference Proceedings. (pdf)

2001

R. J. Gaitskell, Towards One Tonne Direct Wimp Detectors: Have We Got What it Takes? Proceedings of the IDM 2000 Conference, York, England, Sept. 18-22, 2000.(pdf)

 

R.J. Gaitskell, Limits on the Wimp-Nucleon Cross-Section From the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Proceedings of the IDM 2000 Conference, York, England, Sept. 18-22, 2000.(pdf)

 

D. Driscoll, A Testing Strategy for the Mass Production of CDMS II Detectors Proceedings of the LTD-9 Conference, Madison, WI 22-27 July 2001. (ps), ( pdf)

 

T. Perera, Present Results and Future Goals of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search. Low Temperature Detectors, Eds. F.S. Porter, D. McCammon, M. Galeazzi, and C.K. Stahle, AIP Conference Proceedings, July 22-27, 2002 (pdf)

 

T. Saab, Demonstration of the CDMS II Zip Technology at a Shallow Underground Site. Proceedings  of the LTD-9 Conference, Madison, WI 22-27 July 2001. (pdf)

2000

P. Brink, The Deployment of ZIP non-equilibrium phonon detectros in CDMS II Proceedings of the IDM 2000 Conference,York, England, Sept 18-22, 2000 (ps)

 

R. Schnee, Limits on the WIMP-nucleon cross-section from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Proceedings of the COSMO 2000 Conference, Cheju Island, Korea, Sept 4-8, 2000 (ps)

 

R. Schnee, Results of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Proceedings of the DARK2000 Conference, Heidleberg, Germany, July 10-16, 2000 (ps)

 

M. Isaac, Detection of Dark Matter Proceedings of the Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP) 2000, Quebec City, Canada, 22-28 May 2000. (ps)

 

CDMS Collaboration, Exclusion Limits on the WIMP-Nucleon Cross-Section from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Physical Review Letters 84 (2000) p. 5695-5703 astro-ph00002471

 

A. Spadafora., "Hunting for WIMPs Underground", SLAC Beamline, Spring 2000 Issue, p 14-19.

 

R. Clarke, et al., Enhanced Ballistic Phonon Production for Surface Events in Cyrogenic Silicon Detector, accepted APL. (pdf)

 

B. Young, et al., Measurement of Tc Suppression in Tungsten Using Magnetic Impurities, submitted to Journal of Applied Physics 1999, 86.(pdf)

1999

B. Sadoulet, Proceedings of the XIX International Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energies, 9-14 August 1999.

 

B Cabrera, "Design Considerations for TES and QET Sensors" to appear in Proceedings of the VIII International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Dalfsen, The Netherlands, 15-20 August 1999. (pdf)

 

J. Hellmig, R. Gaitskell, R.A. Abusaidi, B. Cabrera, R.M. Clarke, J. Emes, S.W. Nam, T. Saab, B. Sadoulet, D. Seitz, B.A. Young, "CDMS II Z-Sensitive Ionization and Phonon Germanium Detector" , to appear in Proceedings of the VIII International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Dalfsen, The Netherlands, 15-20 August 1999. (pdf)

 

S. Golwala, et al., "Exclusion Limits on the WIMP-Nucleon Scattering Cross-Section From the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search" to appear in Proceedings of the VIII International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Dalfsen, The Netherlands, 15-20 August 1999. (pdf)

 

T. Saab, R.M. Clarke, B. Cabrera, R.A. Abusaidi, R. Gaitskell, "Design of QET Phonon Sensors for the CDMS Zip Detectors" to appear in Proceedings of the VIII International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Dalfsen, The Netherlands, 15-20 August 1999. (pdf)

 

T. Shutt, J. Emes, E.E. Haller, J. Hellmig, B. Sadoulet, D. Seitz, B.A. Young, S. White, "A Solution to the Dead Layer Problem in Ionization and Phonon-Based Dark Matter Detectors" to appear in Proceedings of the VIII International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Dalfsen, The Netherlands, 15-20 August 1999. (pdf)

 

B. Young, T. Saab, B. Cabrera, J.J. Cross, R.A. Abusaidi, " Tc Tunning the Tungsten Transition Edge Sensors Using Iron Implantation" to appear in Proceedings of the VIII International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Dalfsen, The Netherlands, 15-20 August 1999. (pdf)

 

B. Cabrera, "Cryogenic Detectors Based on Superconducting Transition-Edge Sensors for Time-Energy Resolved Single-Photon Counters and for Dark Matter Searches", to appear in Proceedings of the LT22: 22nd International Conference on Low Temperature Physics, Espoo and Helsinki, Finland, 4-11 August 1999. (pdf)

 

S. Golwala, et al., "Hunting for WIMPs with the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search" to appear in Proceedings of the 19th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics "Texas in Paris", Paris, France, 14-18 December 1998. (pdf)

 

B. Sadoulet, "Direct Dark Matter Searches: WIMPS and Axions" COSMO-98: Second International Workshop on Particle Physics and the Early Universe, Asilomar, California, 15-20 November 1998, Ed. D.O. Caldwell (AIP, 1999) p 363 ( pdf )

 

A. Sonnenschein, et al., "Status of the CDMS Search for WIMPs" COSMO-98: Second International Workshop on Particle Physics and the Early Universe, Asilomar, California, 15-20 November 1998, Ed. D.O. Caldwell (AIP, 1999) p 378 . (pdf)

 

B. Sadoulet, "Direct Searches for Dark Matter" Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics: Proceedings of the XVIII International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics ,Takayama, Japan, 4-9 June 1998, Ed. Y. Suzuki, Y. Totsuka (Elsevier, 1999) p 389. (pdf)

1998

Akerib, Daniel, "WIMP Searches with Low Temperature Detectors: Methods, Merits, and Challenges",Proceedings of the Identification of Dark Matter, Buxton, UK, 7-11 September, 1998, N.J. Spooner, ed. (World Scientific 1998).

 

Clarke, R., et al., "Results of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) Obtained Using a New Athermal Phonon Mediated Detector", Proceeding of the Identification of Dark Matter, Shieffield, UK, 7-11 September 1998, (World Scientific 1998). (ps), (pdf)

 

Sonnenschein, "Searching for WIMPs with Thermistor-Instrumented Germanium Bolometers, Proceeding of the Identification of Dark Matter, Shieffield, UK, 7-11 September 1998, (World Scientific 1998). (ps), (pdf)

 

Bauer, D., et al., "A Search for Dark Matter Using Cryogenic Detectors", Proceedings of the XXIX Conference on High Energy Physics, Vancouver, Canada, July 23-29, 1998. (pdf)

 

Jochum, J., et al., Proceedings of the 5th International WEIN Symposium on the Physics of the Standard Model, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 14-21 June 1998. (ps), (pdf)

 

Schnee, R., et al., "Results and Status of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS)", Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Particles, Strings, and Cosmology, 22-26 March, 1998. (ps), (pdf)

 

Schnee, R., et al., "Results and Status of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS)", Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sources and Detection of Dark Matter in the Universe, Feb. 18-21, 1998. ( ps , pdf )

 

Gaitskell, R.J., et al., "Status and Results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS)", Proceedings of the First International Conference on Particle Physics Beyond the Standard Model, Castle Ringberg, Germany, 8-14 June 1997, Ed. H V Klapdor-Kleingrothaus (IOP Publishing, London, 1998), p 781. (pdf)

 

Bauer, D., "Searching for Dark Matter Using Cryogenic Detectors", Proceedings of the International Workshop on Particle Physics and the Early Universe (COSMO 97), Ambleside, Lake District, England, 15-19 September 1997

1997

D.S. Akerib, A. Da Silva, D.L. Hurley, B. Pritychenko, B. Sadoulet, A. Smith, "Production of Solder and Flux with Low Radioactivity," accepted for publication in Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. A, July 1997.

 

Akerib, D.S.; et.al., "Looking for WIMPs in the Galactic Halo: The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search or CDMS," Proceedings of TAUP 97, 7 September - 12 September, 1997, Gran Sasso, Italy.

 

Akerib, D.S.; Da Silva, A.; Hurley, D.L.; Pritychenko, B.; and others, "Production of solder and flux with low radioactivity",Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, Section A (Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment), 21 Nov. 1997, vol.400, (no.1):181-3.

 

Akerib, D.S.; et al., "Preliminary Limits on the WIMP-Nucleon Cross Section from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search", Proceedings of TAUP97, Gran Sasso, Italy, 7-11 Sep 1997, Nucl. Phys. Suppl., Bottino, A.; di Credico, A., and Monacelli, P. (eds.).

 

B. Cabrera, P.L. Brink, B. Chugg, R.M. Clarke, A.K. Davies, S.W. Nam, B.A. Young, "A 100 Gram Si Detector with Fast Phonon and Ionization Sensors for the CDMS Experiment," to appear in the proceedings of the Dark Matter Workshop, 8-12 September 1996, Sheffield, U. K.

 

R.M. Clark, et al., "Operation of an Improved 100g Si FLIP Detector for the CDMS Experiment," Proceedings of the VIIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, 27 July-2 August, 1997, Munich, Germany (ed. S. Cooper) 229-231 (1997).

 

A.K. Davies, et al., "Performance of the First 100g Si FLIP Detector in the CDMS Experiment," Proceedings of the VIIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, 27 July-2 August, 1997, Munich, Germany (ed. S. Cooper) 227-228 (1997).

 

O.B. Drury, et al., "Effect of Geometry and Film Thickness on Self-Cooling of SIN Junctions Intended for Particle Detector Applications," Proceedings of the VIIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, 27 July-2 August, 1997, Munich, Germany (ed. S. Cooper) 56-59 (1997).

 

R.J. Gaitskell, et al., "Performance of 165g Ge BLIP Detectors in CDMS Experiment," Proceedings of the VIIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, 27 July-2 August, 1997, Munich, Germany (ed. S. Cooper) 221-223 (1997).

 

R.J. Gaitskell, et al., "The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) Experiment," to appear in the proceedings of the Dark Matter Workshop, 8-12 September 1996, Sheffield, U. K.

 

S.R. Golwala, J. Jochum, B. Sadoulet, "Noise Considerations in Low Resistance NIS Junctions," Proceedings of the VIIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, 27 July-2 August, 1997, Munich, Germany (ed. S. Cooper) 64-65 (1997).

 

J. Jochum, et al., "Modeling the Power Flow in NIS Junctions, " Proceedings of the VIIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, 27 July-2 August, 1997, Munich, Germany (ed. S. Cooper) 60-63 (1997).

 

J. Jochum; et al., "Modeling the Power Flow in NIS Junctions," published in J. Applied Physics, Vol.83, No.6, 16 March 98, p.3217.

 

S.W. Nam, et al., "Status and Results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS),"Proceedings of the VIIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, 27 July-2 August, 1997, Munich, Germany (ed. S. Cooper) 217-220 (1997).

 

B. Pritychenko, A. Da Silva, A. Smith, P.D. Barnes, Jr., B. Sadoulet, "Experimental Measurements with a LiF(W) Scintillator," Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A396, 371 (1997).

 

Sadoulet, B., "Dark Matter", Proceedings of the Eleventh Topics in Eletroweak Physics, (Lake Louise, Alta., Canada, 18-24 Feb. 1996). Edited by: Astbury, A.; Campbell, B.A.; Khanna, F.C.; Pinfold, J.L. Singapore: World Scientific, 1997. p. 109-66.

 

J.N.Ullom, et al., "Measurements of QuasiParticle Trapping at a Superconductinor-Normal Interface and Quasiparticle Dynamics in Aluminum," Proceedings of the VIIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, 27 July-2 August, 1997, Munich, Germany (ed. S. Cooper) 142-144 (1997).

 

T. Shutt, et al., "Studies of the Dead Layer in BLIP Dark Matter Detectors," Proceedings of the VIIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, 27 July-2 August, 1997, Munich, Germany (ed. S. Cooper) 224-226 (1997).

 

T. Shutt, et al., "First Data from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) Experiment," to appear in the proceedings of the 18th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics,16-20 December 1996, Chicago.

1996

F. Azgui, C.A. Mears, S.E. Labov, M. Frank, et al., "Non-Equilibrium Normal Metal Superconducting Tunnel Junction Detectors," Proceedings of the VIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Aug. 28-Sept. 1, 1995, Interlaken, Switzerland, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A370, 121 (1996).

 

P.D. Barnes Jr. et al., "Installation of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS)," Proceedings of the VIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Aug. 28-Sept. 1, 1995, Interlaken, Switzerland, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A370, 233 (1996).

 

B. Cabrera, P. L. Brink, R. M. Clarke, B. Chugg, A. K. Davies, S. W. Nam, B. A. Young, Low Temperature Detectors for Dark Matter Searches," Proceedings of the International Conference on Sources and Detection of Dark Matter in the Universe, Feb.14-16, 1996, UCLA, CA, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.), 51B, 294 (1996).

 

B. Cabrera, "Bolometric Detectors for Elementary Particles," Proceedings of the VIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Aug. 28-Sept. 1, 1995, Interlaken, Switzerland, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A370, 150 (1996).

 

D. Chow, B. Neuhauser, M. Frank, C. A. Mears, R. Abusaidi, M. Cunningham, R. M. Golzarian, D. D. Hake, S. E. Labov, M. A. Lindeman, W. E. Owens, B. Sadoulet and A. Slepoy, "Characterization of Photolithographically Defined NIS Tunnel Junctions as X-ray Sensors," Proceedings of the VIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Aug. 28-Sept. 1, 1995, Interlaken, Switzerland, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A370, 57 (1996).

 

A. Da Silva, et al., "Status of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search," Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on the Dark Side of the Universe: Experimental Efforts and Theoretical Framework, Rome, Italy, November 13-14, 1995, (R. Bernabei and A. Incicchitti, eds.), World Scientific, pp. 187-191 (1996).

 

T. Dumas, B. Neuhauser, B. Cabrera, R.M. Clarke, S.W. Nam and M.J. Penn, "The Use of SiO2 Sublayers Beneath Titanium Transition Edge Sensors for the Purpose of Phonon Spectroscopy," Proceedings of the VIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Aug. 28-Sept. 1, 1995, Interlaken, Switzerland, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A370, 183 (1996).

 

R.J. Gaitskell, P.D. Barnes, Jr., A. Da Silva, B. Sadoulet, T. Shutt, "The Statistics of Background Rejection in Direct Detection Experiments for Dark Matter," Proceedings of the International Conference on Sources and Detection of Dark Matter in the Universe, Feb.14-16, 1996, UCLA, CA, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.), 51B, 279 (1996).

 

K.D. Irwin, G.C. Hilton, J.M. Martinis and B. Cabrera, "A Hot Electron Microcalorimeter for X-ray Detection Using a Superconducting Transition Edge Sensor with Electrothermal Feedback," Proceedings of the VIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Aug. 28-Sept. 1, 1995, Interlaken, Switzerland, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A370, 177 (1996).

 

J. Jochum et al., "Looking for WIMPs: The Cryogenic Dark Mattter Search," to appear in the proceedings of Aspects of Dark Matter in Astro- and Particle Physics, Sept. 16-20, 1996, Heidelberg, Germany.

 

S.W. Nam, B. Cabrera, B. Chugg, R. M. Clarke, C. Fertig, K. D. Irwin, B. A. Young, "SQUID Based W-Al Quasiparticle Trapping Assisted Transition Edge Sensor," Proceedings of the VIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Aug. 28-Sept. 1, 1995, Interlaken, Switzerland, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A370, 187 (1996).

 

M.J. Penn, B.L. Dougherty, B. Cabrera and B.A. Young, Charge-Collection and Trapping Effects in Cryogenic Silicon Detectors," Proceedings of the VIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Aug. 28-Sept. 1, 1995, Interlaken, Switzerland, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A370, 215 (1996).

 

B. Sadoulet, "Science with Low Temperature Detectors," Proceedings of the VIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Aug. 28-Sept. 1, 1995, Interlaken, Switzerland, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A370, 1 (1996).

 

B. Sadoulet, "Comparison between Phonon Detection Schemes," Proceedings of the VIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Aug. 28-Sept. 1, 1995, Interlaken, Switzerland, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A370, 61 (1996).

 

B. Sadoulet, D. Akerib, P. D. Barnes, Jr., A. Cummings, A. Da Silva, R. Diaz, J. Emes, S. Golwala, E. E. Haller, K. Itoh, W. Knowlton, F. Quiennec, R. R. Ross, D. Seitz, T. Shutt, G. Smith, W. Stockwell, S. White, "Particle Detection and Non-Equilibrium Phonons: Experience with Large Germanium Crystals and NTD Ge Thermistors," Proceedings of the Combined Conference of 4th International Conference on Phonon Physics and 8th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter (Phonons 95), July 23-28, 1995, Sapporo, Japan, Physica B, 219&220, 741 (1996).

 

T. Shutt et al., "Recent Results With a 62 gm Ge Cryogenic Dark Matter Detector," Proceedings of the VIth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Aug. 28-Sept. 1, 1995, Interlaken, Switzerland, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A370, 165 (1996).

 

T. Shutt et al., "Progress of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) Experiment," Proceedings of the International Conference on Sources and Detection of Dark Matter in the Universe, Feb.14-16, 1996, UCLA, CA, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.), 51B, 318 (1996).

 

A. Sonnenschein et al., "The Cryogenic Dark Matter Experiment (CDMS)," to appear in the proceedings of the Erice NATO ASI, Formation of Large Scale Structure in the Universe, Nov. 3-13, 1996, Erice, Italy.

 

J.D. Taylor, D.S. Akerib, P.D. Barnes, Jr., P.A. Luft, R.R. Ross, B. Sadoulet, R.V. Schafer, S. White and R.C. Wolgast, "Low Radioactivity Cryostat System for a 20 mK Particle Detector," Proceedings of the International Cryogenic Engineering Conference, 1995, Columbus, Ohio, Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Vol. 41, 1971, Plenum Publishing Corp, NY (1996).

 

D. Yvon, A. Cummings, W. Stockwell, P.D. Barnes Jr., C. Stanton, B. Sadoulet, T. Shutt, C.W. Stubbs, "Low Noise Voltage and Charge Preamplifiers for Phonon and Ionization Detectors at Very Low Temperature," Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A368, 778 (1996).

1995

D.S. Akerib, "Searching for WIMPs: The CfPA Cryogenic Dark Matter Experiment," Proceedings of Rencontres de Moriond: Clustering in the Universe, (J. Tran Thanh Van, ed.), Editions Frontieres (1995).

 

D.S. Akerib, "Progress in Searches for Non-Baryonic Dark Matter," in Beyond the Standard Model IV, (J.F. Gunion, T. Han and J. Ohnemus, eds.), World Scientific, Singapore (1995).

 

B. Cabrera, P.L. Brink, B. Chugg, B.L. Dougherty, K.D. Irwin, M.J. Penn, S.W. Nam, A.T. Lee, J.G. Pronko, S. Tamura and B. Young, "Advances in Stanford Phonon-Mediated Elementary Particle Detectors," Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Phonon Physics and Eighth International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter, Phonons '95, Sapporo, Japan, Physica B, 220, 744 (1996).

 

A. Da Silva, B. Pritychenko, A. Smith, R.E. Lanou, B. Sadoulet, "Identification and Suppression of Low Energy Background from 210Pb Contamination in Lead," Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A 364, 578 (1995).

 

A. Da Silva, B. Pritychenko, B. Dougherty, M. Gray, A. Lu, A. Smith, D.S. Akerib, D. Bauer, B. Cabrera, D.O. Caldwell, R.E. Lanou, B. Sadoulet, S. Yellin, "Neutron Background for a Dark Matter Experiment at a Shallow Depth Site," Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A354, 553 (1995).

 

B.L. Dougherty, "Direct Detection of WIMP Dark Matter," Proceedings of the 1994 Snowmass Summer Study: Particle and Nuclear Astrophysics and Cosmology in the Next Millennium, Snowmass, Colorado, (R. Peccei and E. Kolb, eds.), World Scientific, Singapore, pp. 517-529 (1995).

 

S.M. Grannan, B.A. Young, A.E. Lange, S. Labov et al., "Collection of athermal phonons into doped Ge thermistors using quasiparticle trapping," J. Appl. Phys., 77 (10), 4887 (1995).

 

K.D. Irwin, "A Novel Application of Electrothermal Feedback for High Resolution Cryogenic Particle Detection," Appl. Phys. Lett., 66, 1998 (1995).

 

K.D. Irwin, S.W. Nam, B. Cabrera, B. Chugg, G.S. Park, R.P. Welty and J.M. Martinis, "A Self-Biasing Cryogenic Particle Detector Utilizing Electrothermal Feedback and a SQUID Readout," in proceedings of Applied Superconductivity '94, IEEE Trans. on Appl. Supercond., 5, 2690 (1995).

 

K.D. Irwin, S.W. Nam, B. Cabrera, B. Chugg and B. Young, "A Quasiparticle-Trap-Assisted Transition-Edge Sensor for Phonon-Mediated Particle Detection," Rev. Sci. Instrum., 66, 10 (1995).

 

M. Kamionkowski, K. Griest, G. Jungman and B. Sadoulet, "Model-Independent Comparison of Direct vs. Indirect Detection of Supersymmetric Dark Matter," Phys. Rev. Lett., 74, 5174 (1995).

 

M.J. Penn, B.L. Dougherty, B. Cabrera and D.L. Sisson, "Simultaneous Measurement of Phonons and Ionization Using Silicon Crystal Acoustic Detectors," Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A364, 118 (1995).

 

B. Sadoulet, "Dark Matter," to appear in proceedings of the Erice Conference, July 31-August 3, 1994, Erice, Italy, History of Original Ideas and Basic Discoveries in Particle Physics, Plenum, London, in press (1995).

 

B. Sadoulet, "Dark Matter, A Challenge for Particle Astrophysics," to appear in proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Frontiers of Particle Physics, August 1-13, 1994, Cargèse, France, Plenum, New York, in press (1995).

 

B. Sadoulet, "Nonbaryonic Dark Matter," to appear in proceedings of Cosmology and Large-Scale Structure, July 30-Aug. 28, 1993, Les Houches, France, in press (1995).

 

B. Sadoulet et al., "Particle Detection and Non-Equilibrium Phonons: Experience with Large Germanium Crystals and NTD Ge Thermistors," to appear in proceedings of Phonons VIII, Sapporo, Japan (1995).

 

B.A. Young and K.M. Young, "Ion-implanted collection contacts for high purity silicon detectors operated at 20 mK," Rev. Sci. Instrum., 66, 2625 (1995).

1994

B. Cabrera, "Dark Matter Searches for Monopoles and WIMPs," Proceedings of the History of Particle Physics, (H. Newman, ed.), July 30-Aug. 4, 1994, Erice, Sicily, Italy.

 

T. Shutt et al., "Simultaneous Measurement of Phonons and Ionization Produced by Photons in a 60 g Germanium Crystal at 20 mK: A New Method for Studying Impurity Sites in Semiconductors," Proceedings of XX International Conference on Low Temperature Physics, Physica B, 194-196, 1201 (1994).

 

T. Shutt, E. Aubourg, D. Akerib, P. D. Barnes, Jr., A. Cummings, A. Da Silva, et al., "Progress on the CfPA/Berkeley/LBL Cryogenic Detectors for a WIMP Dark Matter Experiment," Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Dark Side of the Universe: Experimental Efforts and Theoretical Framework, Rome, Italy, June 23-25, 1993, (R. Bernabei and C. Tao, eds.), World Scientific, pp. 243-252 (1994).

1993

E. Aubourg, et al., "Measurement of Electron-Phonon Decoupling Time in Neutron-Transmutation Doped Germanium at 20 mK,"Proceedings of the Vth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, July 29-August 3, 1993, Berkeley, CA, J. Low Tem. Phys., 93, 289 (1993).

 

P. D. Barnes, Jr., A. Da Silva, E. Aubourg, D. S. Akerib, D. Bauer, et al., "The First Cryogenic Dark Matter Experiment," Proceedings of the Vth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, July 29-August 3, 1993, Berkeley, CA, J. Low Tem. Phys., 93, 791 (1993).

 

T. Shutt, et al., "Phonon Lifetime and Collection in Germanium Particle Detectors at 20 mK," in Phonon Scattering in Condensed Media VII, (M. Meissner and R. O. Pohl, eds.), Springer-Verlag, 112, 495 (1993).

 

T. Shutt, et al., "Simultaneous Detection of Phonons and Ionization in a 60 g Germanium Detector," in Phonon Scattering in Condensed Media VII, (M. Meissner and R. O. Pohl, eds.), Springer-Verlag, 112, 497 (1993).

 

T. Shutt, P. D. Barnes, Jr., A. Cummings, A. Da Silva, B. Ellman, J. Emes, et al., "A Cryogenic Detector with Simultaneous Phonon and Ionization Measurement for Background Rejection," Proceedings of the Sixth European Symposium on Semiconductor Detectors, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A326, 166 (1993).

 

W. Stockwell, et al., "Low Noise Front End Electronics for Dilution Refrigerator Experiments," Proceedings of the Vth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, July 29-August3, 1993, Berkeley, CA, J. Low Tem. Phys., 93, 755 (1993).

 

B. A Young, et al., "A Study of Incomplete Charge Collection in Cryogenic Detectors using a Segmented 60 gram Germanium Phonon and Ionization Detector," Proceedings of the Vth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, July 29-August 3, 1993, Berkeley, CA, J. Low Tem. Phys., 93, 393 (1993).

 

B. A. Young, et al., "A Pilot Dark Matter Particle Search Experiment," Proceedings of the XXVI International Conference on High Energy Physics, Dallas, Texas, Aug. 6-12, 1992, (James R. Sanford, ed.), AIP conference proceedings, no. 272, 1260 (1993).

1992

P. D. Barnes, Jr., D. Caldwell, A. Da Silva, A. Drukier, Y. Giraud-Héraud, B. Magnusson, J. Rich, R. Ross, B. Sadoulet, N. Spooner, N. Wang, and M. Witherell, "Low-Background Underground Facilities for the Direct Detection of Dark Matter," Research Directions for the Decade: Proceedings of the 1990 Summer Study on High Energy Physics, Snowmass, Colorado, June 25 - July 13, 1990, (E. L. Berger, ed.), World Scientific, pp. 311-317 (1992).

 

P. D. Barnes, Jr., A. Da Silva, B. Ellman, J. Emes, E. E. Haller, A. E. Lange, K. Ing, R. R. Ross, B. Sadoulet, T. Shutt, G. Smith, C. Stubbs, N. Wang, S. White, D. Yvon, "Simultaneous Measurements of Thermal and Ionization Signals in a 60g Cryogenic Germanium Detector," IEEE Trans. on Nucl. Sci., NS39, 1237 (1992).

 

B. Sadoulet, T. Shutt, N. Wang, P. D. Barnes, Jr., A. Cummings, A. Da Silva, et al., "Improved Performance of a 60 g Ge Detector with Simultaneous Observation of Phonons and Ionization," Proceedings of the IVth International Conference of Low Temperature Dark Matter and Neutrino Detectors, Oxford, UK, Sept. 4-7, 1991, (N. E. Booth and G. L. Salmon, eds.), Editions Frontieres, pp. 147-163 (1992).

 

T. Shutt, B. Ellman, P. D. Barnes, Jr., A. Cummings, A. Da Silva, J. Emes, et al., "Measurement of Ionization and Phonon Production by Nuclear Recoils in a 60 g Crystal of Germanium at 25 mK," Phys. Rev. Lett., 69, 3425 (1992).

 

T. Shutt, N. Wang, B. Ellman, Y. Giraud-Héraud, C. Stubbs, P. D. Barnes, Jr., et al., Simultaneous High Resolution Measurement of Phonons and Ionization Created by Particle Interactions in a 60 g Germanium Crystal at 25 mK," Phys. Rev. Lett., 69, 3531 (1992).

 

N. Wang, P. D. Barnes, Jr., A. Da Silva, B. Ellman, J. Emes, E. E. Haller, et al., "Properties of NTD Ge and Implementation of NTD Ge Sensors in a Large Composite Phonon Detector," Proceedings of the IV International Conference of Low Temperature Dark Matter and Neutrino Detectors, Oxford, UK, Sept. 4-7, 1991, (N. E. Booth and G. L. Salmon, eds.), Editions Frontieres, pp. 109-123 (1992).

1991

A. Cummings, et al., "Performance of a 60 gram Cryogenic Germanium Detector," IEEE Trans. on Nucl. Sci., NS38, 226 (1991).

1990

B. Sadoulet, T. Shutt, N. Wang, et al., "Doped Semiconductors as Thermal and Ballistic Phonon Detectors," International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors for Neutrinos and Dark Matter III, L'Aquila, Italy, Sept. 20-23, 1989, (L. Brogiato, D. V. Camin and E. Fiorini, eds.), Editions Frontiers, pp. 227-241 (1990).

 

T. Shutt, et al., "Development of a Cryogenic Dark Matter Detector," IEEE Trans. on Nucl. Sci., NS37, 547 (1990).

 

N. Wang, et al., "A Cryogenic Phonon Detector with Simultaneous Measurement of Phonons and Ionization," in XIX International Conference on Low Temperature Physics, Physica B, 165-166, 3 (1990).